4 Landmark Albums Produced by John Cale

The Stooges’ self-titled debut Cale produced the raw, minimalist sound that defined proto-punk, stripping the band’s sound to its essentials.

The Modern Lovers’ self-titled debut His production captured Jonathan Richman’s quirky, driving rock, influencing punk and indie rock for decades.

Patti Smith’s “Horses” Cale’s stark, atmospheric production helped Smith merge poetry with punk, creating a landmark art-rock album.

Nico’s “The Marble Index” He crafted a dark, avant-garde soundscape that transformed Nico from a pop singer into a cult experimental artist.